- Internal Medicine, Tulane University, Touro Infirmary, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 1976 - 1978
- Cardiology, West Los Angeles, VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA, 1978 - 1980
- Diplomate of the American Board of Internal Medicine, 1978
- Diplomate of the American Board of Cardiovascular Disease, 1981
- Diplomate of the American Board of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, 1994